น้ำเป็นสิ่งจำเป็นอย่างยิ่งสำหรับชีวิตทุกชีวิต ไม่ว่าจะเป็นมนุษย์ สัตว์เล็กหรือสัตว์ใหญ่ ตลอดจนพืชถ้าขาดน้ำก็จะต้องแห้งเหี่ยวและเฉาตายในที่สุด มนุษย์ต้องใช้น้ำสัมพันธ์อยู่กับชีวิตประจำวันอย่างเห็นได้ชัด เช่น ใช้น้ำสำหรับดื่ม ใช้หุงต้มอาหาร ใช้ชะล้างสิ่งสกปรกต่าง ๆ ใช้ซักเสื้อผ้า ใช้ในเครื่องทำความร้อน เครื่องลดความร้อน เช่นในโรงงานอุตสาหกรรมบางประเภท และใช้กับเครื่องปรับอากาศ เป็นต้น
ในการเกษตรกรรม การทำเรือกสวนไร่นา ทำสวนครัว เลี้ยงสัตว์ ก็ต้องใช้เป็นองค์ประกอบที่สำคัญทั้งสิ้น
แม้แต่ในการอุตสาหกรรมต่าง ๆ เช่น ในการหล่อเย็น ในพลังไอน้ำก็ดี พลังงานไฟฟ้าก็ดี การกำจัดน้ำทิ้งและขยะก็ดี ตลอดจนถึงการดับไฟเมื่อเกิดไฟไหม้ น้ำเป็นองค์ประกอบที่สำคัญทั้งนั้น
นอกจากนี้แหล่งน้ำยังเป็นที่พักผ่อนหย่อนใจ สำหรับท่องเที่ยว ตกปลา ว่ายน้ำ ตลอดจนใช้ประกอบอาชีพ เช่นการประมงอีกด้วย
สรุปแล้วน้ำจึงมีอิทธิพลต่อความเป็นอยู่ของมนุษย์มาก เป็นองค์ประกอบที่สำคัญสำหรับชีวิตอันดับที่สองรองจากอ๊อกซิเจน มนุษย์สามารถดำรงชีวิตอยู่ได้เมื่อขาดอาหารเป็นเดือน ๆ (จากสถิติโลกครั้งสุดท้ายมนุษย์สามารถอดอาหารได้นานถึง 64 วัน จึงตาย) แต่ถ้าขาดน้ำเพียง 2-3 วัน มนุษย์อาจจะตายทันที ทั้งนี้เพราะน้ำเป็นตัวที่มีบทบาทสำคัญต่อร่างกายมนุษย์มาก กล่าวคือ
1.เซลล์ในร่างกายมนุษย์ ต้องการน้ำไปเพื่อไปทำให้โครงสร้างของเซลล์คงรูปอยู่ได้และสามารถทำงานได้อย่างปกติ
2.น้ำเป็นตัวนำอาหารไปเลี้ยงกล้ามเนื้อต่าง ๆ และในเวลาเดียวกันน้ำก็เป็นตัวนำของเสียออกมาจากกล้ามเนื้อนั้น ๆ ด้วย และขับถ่ายออกมาจากร่างกายมนุษย์ในรูปของเหงื่อและปัสสาวะ เป็นต้น
3.น้ำช่วยในการเสริมสร้างและซ่อมแซมส่วนที่สึกหรอของกล้ามเนื้อ ช่วยหล่อไขข้อต่าง ๆ ของร่างกาย ช่วยย่อยอาหาร ช่วยให้โลหิตไหลวนเวียนทั่วร่างกาย
4.ช่วยรักษาและควบคุมอุณหภูมิของร่างกายให้อยู่ในระดับปกติ หากร้อนเกินไปก็จะระบายความร้อนออกมาในรูปของเหงื่อ เป็นต้น
ถึงแม้น้ำจะมีประโยชน์แก่มนุษย์อย่างมหาศาล แต่ก็มีโทษอยู่หลายประการด้วยกัน ตัวอย่างเช่น
1.ในฤดูน้ำหลาก ท่วมไร่นา ชุมชน ถนนหนทาง และบ้านเรือนเสียหายอยู่บ่อย ๆ
2.น้ำยังเป็นพาหนะนำโรคต่าง ๆ เช่น อหิวาตกโรค (Cholera) ไข้รากสาด (Typhoid fever) ไข้รากสาดเทียม (Para-typhoid fever) โรคบิด (Dysentery) และโรคท้องร่วง (Diarrhia) ฯลฯ มาด้วย ซึ่งเราเรียกโรคพวกนี้ว่า โรคที่เกิดจากน้ำเป็นสื่อได้
ฉะนั้นจึงควรแสวงหาแหล่งน้ำที่สะอาด ไม่มีสารพิษไม่มีเชื้อโรคไว้สำหรับอุปโภค บริโภค จึงเกิดมะระบบการปรับปรุงคุณภาพน้ำ หรือระบบการประปาเกิดขึ้น ปัจจุบันปัญหาเรื่องน้ำประปาของชุมชน โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งชุมชนในชนบทกำลังเป็นปัญหาที่รุนแรงมาก ดังนั้นการสุขาภิบาลน้ำดื่มน้ำใช้ การปรับปรุงคุณภาพน้ำทั้งทางด้านฟิสิกส์ ทางด้านเคมี และทางด้านบักเตรีของน้ำดิบให้มาเป็นน้ำที่ดื่มได้จึงจำเป็นมาก
การสุขาภิบาลน้ำดื่มน้ำใช้ ก็คือการศึกษาถึง
1.ความสำคัญและความจำเป็นของน้ำในด้านการสาธารณสุข การระบาดของโรคต่าง ๆ อันเนื่องจากน้ำเป็นสื่อ
2.คุณสมบัติและมาตรฐานของน้ำดื่มน้ำใช้ แหล่งน้ำ ปริมาณและลักษณะการใช้น้ำของชุมชน
3.วิธีการปรับปรุงคุณภาพน้ำ
4.ระบบการจ่ายน้ำ และ
5.วิธีการควบคุมน้ำใช้ทางด้านการสุขาภิบาลชุมชน
สาเหตุใหญ่ ๆ ที่ทำให้มนุษย์เจ็บป่วยและตายได้ง่ายมีอยู่ 3 สาเหตุด้วยกัน คือ
1.โรคที่เกิดจากน้ำเป็นสื่อ (Water borne diseases)
2.โรคที่เกิดจากอาหารเป็นสื่อ (Food borne diseases)
3.โรคติดต่อต่าง ๆ ที่มีพาหนะนำไป (Vector borne diseases)
ในทั้งสามสาเหตุนี้ โรคที่เกิดจากน้ำเป็นสื่อนับว่าเป็นตัวสำคัญมาก เป็นตัวที่อาจทำให้สุขภาพอนามัยของมนุษย์เสียไปอย่างกว้างขวาง บางทีอาจเป็นผู้ไร้สมรรถภาพหรือถึงตายได้ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในหมู่เด็ก ๆ ของประเทศที่ด้อยพัฒนา หรือประเทศที่กำลังพัฒนาอยู่ ทั้งนี้เพราะน้ำไปปนเปื้อนกับอุจจาระของผู้ป่วยเข้า นอกจากนี้น้ำยังเป็นแหล่งที่ยุงมาเพาะพันธุ์อีกด้วย ยุงเหล่านี้เป็นพาหนะของโรคอื่น ๆ อีกมากมาย เช่น โรคไข้เลือดออก, ไข้มาเลเรีย และโรคเยื่อหุ้มสมองอักเสบ เป็นต้น ซึ่งทำลายสุขภาพของมนุษย์มากหรือทำให้ตายได้ สำหรับประเทศไทยจำนวนผู้ป่วยด้วยโรคที่เกิดจากน้ำเป็นสื่อในปีหนึ่ง ๆ ค่อนข้างจะสูง โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในหมู่ประชาชนในชนบท
คำนิยามของโรคที่เกิดจากน้ำเป็นสื่อ ก็คือ โรคที่เกิดโดยการนำของน้ำซึ่งมีสิ่งต่าง ๆ เจือปนอยู่ สิ่งที่เข้าไปเจือปนนี้อาจจะเป็นพวกเชื้อบักเตรี หรือพวกเชื้อจุลินทรีย์ที่เป็นอันตรายหรือเป็นพวกสารเคมีที่เป็นพิษก็ได้ เข้ามาปนเปื้อนอยู่ในน้ำจำนวนมาก เกินมาตรฐานที่กำหนดไว้ โรคพวกนี้มักจะเป็นโรคเกี่ยวกับระบบทางเดินอาหารทั้งนั้น
โรคที่เกิดจากน้ำเป็นสื่อนี้อาจเกิดขึ้นจากตัวเชื้อ หรือสาเหตุต่าง ๆ กันดังนี้
1.เกิดจากบักเตรี (Bacterial infection) ได้แก่ โรคไข้รากสาด (Typhoid fever) โรคบิดไม่มีตัว (Bacillary dysentery) และอหิวาตกโรค (Cholera) เป็นต้น
2.เกิดจากโปรโตชัว (Protozoa infection) เช่น โรคบิดชนิดมีตัว (Amebiasis)
3.เกิดจากวิสา (Virus infection) เช่น โรคตับอักเสบ (infectious hepatitis) และโรคโปลิโอ (Poliomyelitis) เป็นต้น
4.เกิดจากพยาธิต่าง ๆ (Helminth infection) เช่น พยาธิใบไม้ในตับ (Chlornorchiasis) ซึ่งมีหอยเป็นพาหะและมี life cycle เจริญเติบโตอยู่ในน้ำ จึงเป็นโรคที่มากับน้ำ นอกจากนี้ก็มีโรคพยาธิใบไม้ในลำไส้ (Fasciolepsiasis) พยาธิไส้เดือนกลม (Ascariasis) และพยาธิแส้ม้า (Trichuriasis) เป็นต้น พวกนี้มักจะเกิดเพราะเรารับประทานสัตว์น้ำที่เป็นพาหะในวงจรชีวิตของมันเสียมากกว่าการดื่มน้ำโดยตรง
3.โรคที่เกิดจากสารเคมีเป็นพิษ (Chemical poisoning) สารเคมีที่ปนเปื้อนลงไปในน้ำแล้วกลับเข้าสู่ร่างกายมนุษย์โดยเราดื่มน้ำนี้เข้าไป สามารถแบ่งออกเป็นพวกใหญ่ ๆ ได้ 2 พวกด้วยกันคือ
(ก) เกิดจากโลหะหนัก (Heavy metal) ซึ่งส่วนมากจะไปทำลายพวก living organ ต่าง ๆ เช่น
ปรอทเป็นพิษ (Mercury poisoning) ทำให้เกิดเป็นโรคที่เรียกว่า มินามาตะ (Minamata) จะทำให้ประสาทพิการเป็นอัมพาต และอาจถึงตายได้
แคดเมียมเป็นพิษ (Cadmium poisoning) ทำให้เกิดโรคที่เรียกว่า “อิไต-อิไต” (Itai-itai) คือแคดเมียมจะเข้าไปสะสมอยู่ที่กระดูก จะทำให้ปวดตามข้อและในกระดูก กระดูกจะเปราะและมีโครงสร้างเฉเกไป
นอกจากนี้ก็มีโรค
ตะกั่วเป็นพิษ (Lead poisoning)
ทองแดงเป็นพิษ (Cupper poisoning)
สังกะสีเป็นพิษ (Zinc poisoning)
(ข) เกิดจากสารพิษปราบศัตรูพืช (Pesticides) ซึ่งอาจจะอยู่ในรูปสารพิษตกค้างในน้ำ หรือปนเปื้อนมากับน้ำโดยตรงก็ได้ สารพิษปราบศัตรูพืช เราจะรวมถึงสารพิษฆ่าแมลง (Insecticide) สารพิษฆ่าหญ้า (Herbicide) สารพิษฆ่าสาหร่าย (Algaecide) และอื่น ๆ ฯลฯ ด้วย
แต่ถ้าพูดถึงสารพิษฆ่าแมลง (Insecticide) แล้วต้องเป็นพวกพิษตกค้างได้นาน และปนเปื้อนลงไปในแหล่งน้ำได้มาก ซึ่งจะแบ่งออกเป็นพวกใหญ่ ๆ ได้ 3 พวกด้วยกันคือ
พวก Organochlorine (หรือ Clorinated Hydrocarbon) เป็นสารประกอบที่ในโมเลกุลประกอบด้วยธาตุ C, H, O และ CI เป็นตัวประกอบที่สำคัญได้แก่พวก DDT, Aidrin และ Diedrin เป็นต้น ฯลฯ พวกนี้จะเป็นพวกที่อยู่ตัวมาก และเมื่อปนเปื้อนลงไปในน้ำแล้วจะปนเปื้อนอยู่กับตะกอนใต้น้ำและสะสมอยู่ในตัวของสัตว์น้ำได้เป็นเวลานานนับเป็นสิบปี
พวก Organophosphate ในโมเลกุลจะประกอบไปด้วยธาตุ C, H, O, S และ P เป็นตัวประกอบที่สำคัญ ได้แก่พวก Malathion, Parathion เป็นต้น ฯลฯ พวกนี้เป็นพวกที่สลายตัวได้ง่าย ไม่มีพิษตกค้าง แต่มีพิษรุนแรงมาก เพราะฉะนั้นมันจะปนเปื้อนลงไปในน้ำได้โดยตรง
พวก Carbamate พวกนี้ไม่อยู่ตัวและพิษไม่รุนแรงนัก เราจึงพบในน้ำเฉพาะกรณีที่พึ่งปนเปื้อนลงไปในน้ำใหม่ ๆ เท่านั้น
อาการของโรคที่เกิดจากน้ำเป็นสื่ออย่างย่อ ๆ
1.โรคบิดแบซิลลารี หรือบิดไม่มีตัว (Becillary dysentery) โรคนี้เกิดจากเชื้อ Shigella sonner, Shigella flexor และ/หรือ Shigella Shiga ซึ่งมักจะมีระยะฟักตัว 1-12 ชั่วโมง บางทีก็นานถึง 1-5 วัน จะทำให้มีไข้ ท้องเดิน และอุจจาระจะมีกลิ่นคาวจัดบางครั้งอาจจะมีมูกเลือดปนอยู่ด้วย
2.โรคบิดอมีบิค หรือบิดชนิดมีตัว (Amoebic dysentery) ซึ่งเกิดจากเชื้อ Etamoeba histolytica มีระยะฟักตัวประมาณ 2-14 วัน จะมีอาการปวดท้องแบบถ่วง ๆ ลักษณะของอุจจาระมักจะเหลวและมีมูกเลือดปน มีกลิ่นคาว แต่ไม่คาวจัดเหมือนแบซิลลารีและมักไม่มีไข้
3.ไข้รากสาด (Typhoidfever) เกิดจากเชื้อ Typhoid bacillus จะมีระยะการฟักตัวตั้งแต่ 3-38 วัน จะทำให้ผู้ป่วยมีไข้ติดต่อกันไป อาจจะมีจุดแดง ๆ ขึ้นตามตัวและมีท้องผูกสลับกับท้องเดิน
4.ไข้รากสาดเทียม (Paratyphoid-fever) โรคนี้เกิดจากเชื้อ Salmonella paratyph : A., Salmonella schottmullari B และ/หรือ Salmonella hirschfeldii C จะมีระยะฟักตัว 1-10 วัน และมีอาการเป็นไข้ติดต่อกันไป ท้องจะเดินบางครั้ง จะมีจุดแดง ๆ ขึ้นตามตัวเหมือนไข้รากสาด
5.อหิวาตกโรค (Cholera) เกิดจากเชื้อ Vibrio cholera และ/หรือ Vibrio commar จะมีระยะฟักตัวเพียง 2-3 ชั่วโมงเท่านั้น จะมีอาการท้องเดินอย่างแรง ลักษณะของอุจจาระเหมือนน้ำซาวข้าว อาเจียน หิวน้ำมาก จะกระสับกระส่าย และถึงตายได้ถ้าท้องเดินมาก ๆ ร่างกายเสียน้ำและเกลือแร่มาก
6.โรคพยาธิไส้เดือนกลม (Ascariasis) โรคนี้เกิดจากเชื้อ Ascarislumbricoides ซึ่งจะมีระยะฟักตัวนานถึง 1-2 เดือน โรคนี้จะมีอาการท้องผูกหรือท้องเดินก็ได้ แต่เวลาถ่ายอุจจาระมักจะมีพยาธิออกมาด้วย และถ้าหากมีจำนวนมาก ๆ อาจทำให้เกิด Intestinal obstruction ได้
การป้องกันและควบคุมโรคที่เกิดจากน้ำเป็นสื่อ
เนื่องจากโรคเหล่านั้นมีแหล่งกำเนิดมาจากอุจจาระของผู้ป่วยทั้งสิ้น และสามารถติดต่อไปยังผู้อื่นได้โดยอาศัยน้ำเป็นสื่อ จึงต้องมีการกำจัดอุจจาระให้ถูกหลักสุขาภิบาล ระวังอย่าให้อาหารและน้ำดื่มใช้ปนเปื้อนด้วยอุจจาระเป็นอันขาด มีการกำจัดน้ำโสโครกให้ถูกวิธีและปรับปรุงคุณภาพน้ำดื่มน้ำใช้ให้ถูกลักษณะ เช่นในกิจการประปา เป็นต้น นอกจากนี้ยังควรให้สุขศึกษาและอนามัยส่วนบุคคลแก่ประชาชนทั่วไปด้วย มีการบริการฉีดวัคซีนป้องกันโรคบางโรค เช่น อหิวาตกโรค เป็นต้น
จะเห็นได้ว่าน้ำสะอาดจำเป็นมากสำหรับผู้อุปโภคบริโภค เพราะถ้าน้ำไม่สะอาดพอมันก็จะบั่นทอนสุขภาพอนามัยของมนุษย์อย่างมาก และชีวิตอาจจะสิ้นสุดลงอย่างรวดเร็วได้ เราจึงต้องมีการลงทุนค่าใช้จ่ายในการทำกรรมวิธีต่าง ๆ ที่จะให้ได้น้ำสะอาด โดยดึงเอามวลสารและเชื้อโรคต่าง ๆ ที่เป็นพิษเป็นภัยชีวิตและปะปนอยู่ในน้ำออกจากน้ำให้หมด หรือให้ลดน้อยลงไปให้อยู่ในเกณฑ์ที่ปลอดภัย
แหล่งน้ำ
ประโยชน์ของน้ำ
1. มนุษย์ใช้น้ำดื่ม น้ำชนิดนี้ต้องสะอาดปลอดภัย สิ่งเหล่านี้เริ่มสำคัญและจำเป็นมากขึ้นเมื่อตอนรู้จักว่าน้ำไม่
สะอาดนั้นเปรียบเสมือนยาพิษ
2. มนุษย์ใช้ในบ้านเรือน เช่น ใช้อาบ ใช้ซักฟอก ใช้ปรุงอาหาร ชำระล้าง ถ่ายเทของเสีย กะกันว่าคนหนึ่ง ๆ ถ้าจะใช้น้ำให้พอดี ๆ คนหนึ่ง ๆ จะต้องใช้น้ำ 100 ลิตรต่อวัน
3. ใช้ในด้านอุตสาหกรรม อุตสาหกรรมทุกชนิดต้องใช้น้ำ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งการอุตสาหกรรมเกี่ยวกับการ
ถลุงเหล็ก ต้องใช้น้ำเป็นจำนวนมาก คือจะใช้มากหรือน้อยขึ้นอยู่กับอุตสาหกรรมแต่ละชนิด บางครั้งถ้าโรงงาน
อุตสาหกรรมขาดแคลนน้ำมากเข้าก็อาจเลิกกิจการการอุตสาหกรรมใช้น้ำดังนี้
3.1 ใช้เป็นส่วนประกอบของผลิตภัณฑ์
3.2 ใช้เป็นตัวละลายวัตถุที่ใช้ในอุตสาหกรรม
3.3 ใช้เป็นตัวทำความสะอาดล้างวัตถุดิบ
3.4 ใช้กำจัดของเสียของโรงงานอุตสาหกรรม
4. น้ำเป็นที่อยู่อาศัยของปลา และสัตว์น้ำ
5. ใช้เป็นที่พักผ่อนหย่อนใจ เช่น ว่ายน้ำ พายเรือ และอื่น ๆ
6. ใช้เป็นทางคมนาคม การขนส่งทางน้ำมีความสำคัญมาก เพราะเสียค่าใช้จ่ายน้อยที่สุด
7. น้ำให้พลังงาน อาจจะนำพลังงานไปใช้ในโรงงานโดยตรง หรือนำไปเปลี่ยนเป็นกระแสไฟฟ้า
8. ใช้ในการเกษตรเป็นเรื่องสำคัญ เพราะน้ำจำเป็นสำหรับความเจริญงอกงามของพืชซึ่งหมายถึงพืชที่มนุษย์
เพาะปลูกด้วย น้ำที่ใช้ในการนี้มีมากกว่าการใช้น้ำประเภทอื่น ๆ
สำหรับเรื่องน้ำในประเทศไทยบริเวณที่มีปัญหาเรื่องน้ำมีอยู่ไม่น้อยกว่า 1 ใน 3 ของเนื้อที่ทั้งหมด
ของประเทศ บริเวณนี้อยู่ทางภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ นอกจากนี้กระจายอยู่ทั่วไปในบริเวณเงาฝน (Rain shadow) ถ้าพิจารณาน้ำฝนเฉลี่ยในประเทศทั่วไปมีไม่ต่ำกว่า 50 นิ้ว ปริมาณฝนนี้มีพอที่จะไม่ทำให้เกิด
ปัญหาเรื่องน้ำ แต่อย่างไรก็ตาม การพิจารณาถึงความแห้งแล้งในประเทศไทยอาจพิจารณาได้ดังนี้
1. การกระจายของฝน ส่วนใหญ่ฝนที่ตกในประเทศ มักจะตกอยู่ในช่วงระยะ 6-7 เดือน หลังจากนั้นอาจ
กล่าวได้ว่าไม่มีฝนเลย จึงทำให้เกิดแห้งแล้งได้
2. ความสม่ำเสมอของฝน ส่วนมาก ฝนที่ตกในประเทศไทย มักจะไม่สม่ำเสมอบางทีอาจตกเป็นปริมาณมาก บางทีตกน้อย ขึ้นอยู่กับภาวะของอากาศ
น้ำใต้ดิน
น้ำใต้ดิน ได้แก่ น้ำฝน น้ำซึ่งละลายจากหิมะและก้อนน้ำแข็ง หรือน้ำบนดินเช่น น้ำในลำธาร แม่น้ำหรืออ่างเก็บน้ำ ฯลฯ ที่ซึมลงไปในดินและช่องว่างระหว่างหิน ส่วนที่ซึมลงไปใต้ดินและอยู่ตื้น ๆ ในระดับของหิน เช่น หินทราย
น้ำใต้ดิน มี 2 ประเภท คือ ประเภทน้ำใต้ดิน และน้ำในชั้นดินหรือเรียกอีกอย่างหนึ่งว่าน้ำบาดาล (Artersian water) ซึ่งน้ำในดินนั้นก็หมายถึงน้ำที่ซึมซับอยู่ในดินเนื่องจากดินอุ้มน้ำจนอิ่มตัว (Saturated) น้ำประเภทนี้ถ้าดื่ม
จะไม่ปลอดภัยนัก เพราะอาจมีสิ่งโสโครกปะปนอยู่และอาจถ่ายเทเข้าหากันได้
ส่วนน้ำในชั้นดินหรือน้ำบาดาลนั้นเป็นน้ำใต้ดินที่ซึมลึกลงไป ในพื้นดินไปรวมอยู่ในชั้นของหิน น้ำพวกนี้ส่วนมาก
สะอาดบริสุทธิ์ ปราศจากเชื้อโรค (ยกเว้นเมื่อตักขึ้นมาหากมีวิธีการไม่ดี อาจมีเชื้อโรคปนได้) จึงนับว่ามีประโยชน์ต่อ
มนุษย์มาก ส่วนมากแล้วน้ำบาดาล จะไม่มีความสัมพันธ์กับน้ำในดินซึ่งอยู่ในบริเวณเดียวกัน ดังนั้น สิ่งสกปรกบนพื้นดิน
จึงไม่ปนกับน้ำบาดาล น้ำบาดาลจะหมดสิ้นได้ง่ายเพราะไม่มีน้ำจากที่อื่นไหลมาทดแทน ดังนั้นต้องใช้อย่างระมัดระวัง
ส่วนน้ำในชั้นดินหรือน้ำบาดาลนั้นเป็นน้ำใต้ดินที่ซึมลึกลงไป ในพื้นดินไปรวมอยู่ในชั้นของหิน น้ำพวกนี้ส่วนมาก
สะอาดบริสุทธิ์ ปราศจากเชื้อโรค (ยกเว้นเมื่อตักขึ้นมาหากมีวิธีการไม่ดี อาจมีเชื้อโรคปนได้) จึงนับว่ามีประโยชน์ต่อ
มนุษย์มาก ส่วนมากแล้วน้ำบาดาล จะไม่มีความสัมพันธ์กับน้ำในดินซึ่งอยู่ในบริเวณเดียวกัน ดังนั้น สิ่งสกปรกบนพื้นดิน
จึงไม่ปนกับน้ำบาดาล น้ำบาดาลจะหมดสิ้นได้ง่ายเพราะไม่มีน้ำจากที่อื่นไหลมาทดแทน ดังนั้นต้องใช้อย่างระมัดระวัง
น้ำบนผิวดินหรือน้ำผิวพื้น
ตามที่กล่าวเรื่องน้ำฟ้าน้ำฝนมาแล้วนั้น จะเห็นได้ว่าการที่จะพึ่งพาเฉพาะน้ำฝน อย่างเดียวนั้นหาได้ไม่ เพราะแต่ละปี
จะมีช่วงแห้งแล้งแทรกคั่นอยู่ เพราะฉะนั้นจะต้องพึ่งพาแหล่งน้ำจากที่อื่นมาใช้ประโยชน์บ้าง เช่น น้ำผิวพื้น และน้ำใต้ดิน
ดังจะได้กล่าวต่อไป
น้ำบนผิวดินหรือน้ำผิวพื้น (Surface water) ก็คือน้ำที่ไหลหรือมีอยู่ตามพื้นผิวดิน อาจจะขังอยู่ตามห้วย หนอง คลอง บึง ทะเล และลุ่มน้ำ หรือทะเลสาบใหม่ ๆ ที่มนุษย์สร้างขึ้น
ลักษณะของน้ำผิวพื้นนี้มีความสัมพันธ์ใกล้ชิดกับน้ำฝนมาก เพราะน้ำฝนที่ตกลงมานั้นบางส่วนจะไหลซึมลงไป
ใต้ดินกลายเป็นน้ำใต้ดิน และบางทีน้ำส่วนนี้จะไหลออกมาอีกเป็นน้ำซึม น้ำซับ เมื่อมีปริมาณมากเข้าดินจะไม่สามารถอุ้มน้ำไว้ได้หมดดังนั้น น้ำส่วนที่เหลือก็จะไหลหรือเอ่อนองอยู่บนผิวดิน หรือไหลไปตามแม่น้ำลำธารและลงสู่ทะเล มหาสมุทร และบางส่วนก็จะระเหยกลับไปในอากาศ
จะไม่มีน้ำไหลเลย
แหล่งน้ำบนผิวดินอีกอย่างหนึ่งก็คือ ห้วงน้ำใหญ่ ๆที่เกิดขึ้นเองตามธรรมชาติในประเทศไทยเรามีแหล่งน้ำชนิดนี้
ไม่กี่แห่ง เช่นบึงบรเพ็ด หนองหาน กว๊านพะเยา นอกนั้นเป็นประเภทมนุษย์สร้างขึ้น เพื่อเก็บน้ำไปไว้ใช้ประโยชน์ต่าง ๆ ได้ (โดยมากเพื่อการปลูกพืชและเลี้ยงสัตว์ แต่บางแห่งน้ำที่มักขาดแคลนเสมอในหน้าแล้ง น้ำเหล่านี้ก็จะให้คุณประโยชน์
แก่มนุษย์ในบริเวณนั้นอย่างดียิ่งด้วย) ส่วนใหญ่แล้วมักสร้างขึ้นทางภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ เพราะภูมิภาคส่วนนี้มี
ความจำเป็นเกี่ยวกับการใช้น้ำ เนื่องจากดินเก็บน้ำไว้ไม่อยู่ แหล่งน้ำที่มนุษย์สร้างขึ้นนี้เรียกว่า “อ่างเก็บน้ำ” ซึ่งอ่างเก็บน้ำนี้
บางแห่งก็สร้างจากการใช้ลักษณะภูมิประเทศ บริเวณที่มีน้ำกักขังอยู่จำนวนมาก ๆ และเป็นทางไหลผ่านของน้ำ
เป็นสิ่งช่วยและเลือกทำเลที่ดี แล้วถมคันดินหรือสร้างเขื่อนขวางทางน้ำ ทำให้บริเวณเหนือเขื่อนเป็นอ่างเก็บน้ำขนาดใหญ่ นำไปใช้ประโยชน์โดยเฉพาะเกี่ยวกับไร่นาได้เป็นบริเวณกว้างขวาง
แหล่งน้ำผิวดินที่ทุกคนไม่ควรมองข้ามก็คือ แม่น้ำ ลำคลองตามธรรมชาติ
.
In agriculture to farming, gardening, kitchen, pets must be used as an important element in the end
.Even in other industries, such as in the cooling. In steam power, great power, great to get rid of waste and wastewater, as well as to fire when the fire occurred. Water is an important element of it
.In addition, water is also recreation. For tourism, fishing and swimming, as well as the use of such fisheries as well
.Summary of water, thus influencing the well-being of human beings so much as an important element for life ranks second from oxygen. Human life when food is missing for months. 64 days to die), but if the lack of water in just 2-3 days a man could be dead as soon as this is because water is a vital role for the human body. That is,
.
1. cells in the human body needs water to keep the structure of the cell constant of the image, and you can work normally
2.Water as a food to feed the muscles and at the same time it is the family of waste out of the muscle, and excrete derived from the human body in the form of sweat, urine, etc
3.Water helps to strengthen and repair of muscles together allows cast khaikho body digestive AIDS blood flow throughout, they help the body
4.Help maintain and control the temperature of the body to a normal level. If it's too hot, it will be cooling off came in the form of sweat, etc
even though water is hugely beneficial to humans, but there are many possibilities ... For example,
1.In the farm community in, flood, flood roads frequently damaged households, and
2.Water is also a means of bringing diseases such as cholera (Cholera) fever fever (Typhoid fever) raksat raksat harness (Para-typhoid fever) dysentery (Dysentery) and diarrhea (Diarrhia) etc.. Which we call a disease they say the disease is caused by water as it
.Therefore, it is important to seek a clean water source. There are no toxic disease is not intended for consumer and thus cause water quality improvement system, MA or plumbing system occur. The community's current water problem Therefore, sanitary water Improving water quality both on the physics of chemistry to the raw water is supplied bakteri water to drink so much required
.
The sanitary water is studied through
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
.Even in other industries, such as in the cooling. In steam power, great power, great to get rid of waste and wastewater, as well as to fire when the fire occurred. Water is an important element of it
.In addition, water is also recreation. For tourism, fishing and swimming, as well as the use of such fisheries as well
.Summary of water, thus influencing the well-being of human beings so much as an important element for life ranks second from oxygen. Human life when food is missing for months. 64 days to die), but if the lack of water in just 2-3 days a man could be dead as soon as this is because water is a vital role for the human body. That is,
.
1. cells in the human body needs water to keep the structure of the cell constant of the image, and you can work normally
2.Water as a food to feed the muscles and at the same time it is the family of waste out of the muscle, and excrete derived from the human body in the form of sweat, urine, etc
3.Water helps to strengthen and repair of muscles together allows cast khaikho body digestive AIDS blood flow throughout, they help the body
4.Help maintain and control the temperature of the body to a normal level. If it's too hot, it will be cooling off came in the form of sweat, etc
even though water is hugely beneficial to humans, but there are many possibilities ... For example,
1.In the farm community in, flood, flood roads frequently damaged households, and
2.Water is also a means of bringing diseases such as cholera (Cholera) fever fever (Typhoid fever) raksat raksat harness (Para-typhoid fever) dysentery (Dysentery) and diarrhea (Diarrhia) etc.. Which we call a disease they say the disease is caused by water as it
.Therefore, it is important to seek a clean water source. There are no toxic disease is not intended for consumer and thus cause water quality improvement system, MA or plumbing system occur. The community's current water problem Therefore, sanitary water Improving water quality both on the physics of chemistry to the raw water is supplied bakteri water to drink so much required
.
The sanitary water is studied through
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
.In addition, water is also recreation. For tourism, fishing and swimming, as well as the use of such fisheries as well
.Summary of water, thus influencing the well-being of human beings so much as an important element for life ranks second from oxygen. Human life when food is missing for months. 64 days to die), but if the lack of water in just 2-3 days a man could be dead as soon as this is because water is a vital role for the human body. That is,
.
1. cells in the human body needs water to keep the structure of the cell constant of the image, and you can work normally
2.Water as a food to feed the muscles and at the same time it is the family of waste out of the muscle, and excrete derived from the human body in the form of sweat, urine, etc
3.Water helps to strengthen and repair of muscles together allows cast khaikho body digestive AIDS blood flow throughout, they help the body
4.Help maintain and control the temperature of the body to a normal level. If it's too hot, it will be cooling off came in the form of sweat, etc
even though water is hugely beneficial to humans, but there are many possibilities ... For example,
1.In the farm community in, flood, flood roads frequently damaged households, and
2.Water is also a means of bringing diseases such as cholera (Cholera) fever fever (Typhoid fever) raksat raksat harness (Para-typhoid fever) dysentery (Dysentery) and diarrhea (Diarrhia) etc.. Which we call a disease they say the disease is caused by water as it
.Therefore, it is important to seek a clean water source. There are no toxic disease is not intended for consumer and thus cause water quality improvement system, MA or plumbing system occur. The community's current water problem Therefore, sanitary water Improving water quality both on the physics of chemistry to the raw water is supplied bakteri water to drink so much required
.
The sanitary water is studied through
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
.Summary of water, thus influencing the well-being of human beings so much as an important element for life ranks second from oxygen. Human life when food is missing for months. 64 days to die), but if the lack of water in just 2-3 days a man could be dead as soon as this is because water is a vital role for the human body. That is,
.
1. cells in the human body needs water to keep the structure of the cell constant of the image, and you can work normally
2.Water as a food to feed the muscles and at the same time it is the family of waste out of the muscle, and excrete derived from the human body in the form of sweat, urine, etc
3.Water helps to strengthen and repair of muscles together allows cast khaikho body digestive AIDS blood flow throughout, they help the body
4.Help maintain and control the temperature of the body to a normal level. If it's too hot, it will be cooling off came in the form of sweat, etc
even though water is hugely beneficial to humans, but there are many possibilities ... For example,
1.In the farm community in, flood, flood roads frequently damaged households, and
2.Water is also a means of bringing diseases such as cholera (Cholera) fever fever (Typhoid fever) raksat raksat harness (Para-typhoid fever) dysentery (Dysentery) and diarrhea (Diarrhia) etc.. Which we call a disease they say the disease is caused by water as it
.Therefore, it is important to seek a clean water source. There are no toxic disease is not intended for consumer and thus cause water quality improvement system, MA or plumbing system occur. The community's current water problem Therefore, sanitary water Improving water quality both on the physics of chemistry to the raw water is supplied bakteri water to drink so much required
.
The sanitary water is studied through
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
2.Water as a food to feed the muscles and at the same time it is the family of waste out of the muscle, and excrete derived from the human body in the form of sweat, urine, etc
3.Water helps to strengthen and repair of muscles together allows cast khaikho body digestive AIDS blood flow throughout, they help the body
4.Help maintain and control the temperature of the body to a normal level. If it's too hot, it will be cooling off came in the form of sweat, etc
even though water is hugely beneficial to humans, but there are many possibilities ... For example,
1.In the farm community in, flood, flood roads frequently damaged households, and
2.Water is also a means of bringing diseases such as cholera (Cholera) fever fever (Typhoid fever) raksat raksat harness (Para-typhoid fever) dysentery (Dysentery) and diarrhea (Diarrhia) etc.. Which we call a disease they say the disease is caused by water as it
.Therefore, it is important to seek a clean water source. There are no toxic disease is not intended for consumer and thus cause water quality improvement system, MA or plumbing system occur. The community's current water problem Therefore, sanitary water Improving water quality both on the physics of chemistry to the raw water is supplied bakteri water to drink so much required
.
The sanitary water is studied through
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
3.Water helps to strengthen and repair of muscles together allows cast khaikho body digestive AIDS blood flow throughout, they help the body
4.Help maintain and control the temperature of the body to a normal level. If it's too hot, it will be cooling off came in the form of sweat, etc
even though water is hugely beneficial to humans, but there are many possibilities ... For example,
1.In the farm community in, flood, flood roads frequently damaged households, and
2.Water is also a means of bringing diseases such as cholera (Cholera) fever fever (Typhoid fever) raksat raksat harness (Para-typhoid fever) dysentery (Dysentery) and diarrhea (Diarrhia) etc.. Which we call a disease they say the disease is caused by water as it
.Therefore, it is important to seek a clean water source. There are no toxic disease is not intended for consumer and thus cause water quality improvement system, MA or plumbing system occur. The community's current water problem Therefore, sanitary water Improving water quality both on the physics of chemistry to the raw water is supplied bakteri water to drink so much required
.
The sanitary water is studied through
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
4.Help maintain and control the temperature of the body to a normal level. If it's too hot, it will be cooling off came in the form of sweat, etc
even though water is hugely beneficial to humans, but there are many possibilities ... For example,
1.In the farm community in, flood, flood roads frequently damaged households, and
2.Water is also a means of bringing diseases such as cholera (Cholera) fever fever (Typhoid fever) raksat raksat harness (Para-typhoid fever) dysentery (Dysentery) and diarrhea (Diarrhia) etc.. Which we call a disease they say the disease is caused by water as it
.Therefore, it is important to seek a clean water source. There are no toxic disease is not intended for consumer and thus cause water quality improvement system, MA or plumbing system occur. The community's current water problem Therefore, sanitary water Improving water quality both on the physics of chemistry to the raw water is supplied bakteri water to drink so much required
.
The sanitary water is studied through
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
even though water is hugely beneficial to humans, but there are many possibilities ... For example,
1.In the farm community in, flood, flood roads frequently damaged households, and
2.Water is also a means of bringing diseases such as cholera (Cholera) fever fever (Typhoid fever) raksat raksat harness (Para-typhoid fever) dysentery (Dysentery) and diarrhea (Diarrhia) etc.. Which we call a disease they say the disease is caused by water as it
.Therefore, it is important to seek a clean water source. There are no toxic disease is not intended for consumer and thus cause water quality improvement system, MA or plumbing system occur. The community's current water problem Therefore, sanitary water Improving water quality both on the physics of chemistry to the raw water is supplied bakteri water to drink so much required
.
The sanitary water is studied through
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
1.In the farm community in, flood, flood roads frequently damaged households, and
2.Water is also a means of bringing diseases such as cholera (Cholera) fever fever (Typhoid fever) raksat raksat harness (Para-typhoid fever) dysentery (Dysentery) and diarrhea (Diarrhia) etc.. Which we call a disease they say the disease is caused by water as it
.Therefore, it is important to seek a clean water source. There are no toxic disease is not intended for consumer and thus cause water quality improvement system, MA or plumbing system occur. The community's current water problem Therefore, sanitary water Improving water quality both on the physics of chemistry to the raw water is supplied bakteri water to drink so much required
.
The sanitary water is studied through
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
2.Water is also a means of bringing diseases such as cholera (Cholera) fever fever (Typhoid fever) raksat raksat harness (Para-typhoid fever) dysentery (Dysentery) and diarrhea (Diarrhia) etc.. Which we call a disease they say the disease is caused by water as it
.Therefore, it is important to seek a clean water source. There are no toxic disease is not intended for consumer and thus cause water quality improvement system, MA or plumbing system occur. The community's current water problem Therefore, sanitary water Improving water quality both on the physics of chemistry to the raw water is supplied bakteri water to drink so much required
.
The sanitary water is studied through
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
.Therefore, it is important to seek a clean water source. There are no toxic disease is not intended for consumer and thus cause water quality improvement system, MA or plumbing system occur. The community's current water problem Therefore, sanitary water Improving water quality both on the physics of chemistry to the raw water is supplied bakteri water to drink so much required
.
The sanitary water is studied through
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
1. the importance and necessity of water in the field of public health. The outbreak due to water is 2
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
media.Qualifications and standards of water use water sources. The quantity and characteristics of community water usage
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
3. ways to improve water quality, water supply systems, 4.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
and
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
5. how to control the use of community-based sanitation water
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
.Major reasons that cause human illness and death are easily 3 possible reasons why is
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
1. diseases caused by water as a medium. (Water borne diseases)
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
2. diseases from food as a medium. (Food borne diseases)
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
3. sexually transmitted disease, it is critical that a vehicle be (Vector borne diseases)
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
.For this reason three The disease is caused by a water body is considered to be very important media as a cause of human health become widespread. Perhaps as a Wi-Fi capability, or to die. Especially among children. Or developing countries. This is because water contaminated with the feces of patients to. In addition, the water comes with breeding mosquitoes. These mosquitoes as a vehicle of many other diseases, such as dengue, a disease. Maleria fever and meningitis disease which destroys the human health or cause death. For a country with a number of Thai patients, the disease is caused by a specific year in water is quite high.
The definition of the disease, which is caused by water as the medium is that the disease caused by the release of water which has a mix of things. What to mix it could be 0,1 bakteri fuel. Come in a lot of water contamination. Exceeding the prescribed standard. This disease is often their disease about the entire digestive tract,
.
Disease caused by water as it may arise from a different cause, or as follows:
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
1. caused bakteri (Bacterial infection) include raksat fever (Typhoid fever) there is no dysentery (Bacillary dysentery) and cholera (Cholera) is 2
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
.Caused by the excluded ones (Protozoa infection), such as a type of dysentery (Amebiasis)
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
3. arising from the can (Virus infection) such as hepatitis (infectious hepatitis) and poliomyelitis (Poliomyelitis), etc
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
4.Caused by a parasitic worm (Helminth infection) such as the roundworm, the leaves in the liver (Chlornorchiasis), which have a life cycle and a carrier shell growth in water, it is a disease that comes with water. In addition, there is disease, intestinal worms leaves (Fasciolepsiasis), roundworm (Ascariasis) circle earthworms. (Trichuriasis), etc. They often occur because we eat animals that are carriers in its life-cycle waste rather than drink the water directly
.
3. diseases caused by toxic chemicals. (Chemical poisoning) contaminated chemicals into the water and then into the human body by drinking this water to us. They can be divided into 2 large guys together is
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
.(A) caused by heavy metals (Heavy metal), which mostly go to destroy their living organ such as
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
toxic mercury (Mercury poisoning), causing a disease known as Naama-TA (Minamata) will cause a nerve disability paralyzed and might be deadly.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
.Toxic cadmium (Cadmium poisoning) caused a disease called "kidney-kidney-Izumi" (Itai-itai) is a cadmium into the roll the bones. Will cause pain in the bones and in the? The bones are brittle and structured restaurant, go there
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
disease.Lead poisoning (Lead poisoning)
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
copper poisoning (Cupper poisoning)
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
zinc poisoning (Zinc poisoning)
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
(b) caused by a pest eradication of toxic substances (Pesticides), which may be.
ความต้องการใช้น้ำของมนุษย์เรานับวันจะสูงขึ้น มนุษย์ต้องการนำน้ำมาเพื่อการอุปโภคบริโภค การเกษตรกรรม ปศุสัตว์ และการอุตสาหกรรม
น้ำเป็นสิ่งช่วยในการดำรงชีพแก่ประชากรทั่วโลกในอันที่จะเพิ่มพูนความอยู่ดีกินดี และภาวะเศรษฐกิจของประเทศ จึงได้มีโครงการต่าง ๆ เกิดขึ้นเพื่อสร้างและพัฒนาแหล่งน้ำ เช่น การสร้างอ่างเก็บน้ำ เขื่อน หรือทำนบ เป็นต้น
แต่วิธีการดังกล่าวทำได้ก็เฉพาะในภูมิภาคที่มีหุบเขา มีแม่น้ำลำคลองไหลผ่านหรือมีสระ ห้วยหนองหรือบึงอยู่แล้วเท่านั้น ยังมีพื้นที่อีกมากมายที่ไม่มีแม่น้ำลำคลองไหลผ่านหรือระบบชลประทานยังไปไม่ถึง
เป็นเหตุให้เกิดการขาดแคลนน้ำไม่สามารถทำการเกษตรได้จึงจำเป็นอยู่เองที่มนุษย์จะต้องขวนขวายหาวิธีการนำน้ำมาใช้เพื่อการอุปโภค และประโยชน์อื่น ๆ ดังนั้นในสภาพพื้นที่ที่แห้งแล้งทุรกันดารขาดแคลนน้ำ ปัญหาเรื่องแหล่งน้ำจึงเป็นสิ่งสำคัญที่ต้องการทำ และเพื่อแก้ไขสภาพการเช่นนั้นจึงได้มีการพัฒนานำน้ำใต้ดินมาใช้อย่างเหมาะสมโดยการสูบเอาน้ำใต้ติดหรือน้ำบาดาลขึ้นมาบรรเทาความขาดแคลน
สำหรับน้ำที่จะนำมาผลิตเป็นน้ำประปาเพื่อบริการแก่ประชาชนนั้น ได้มีการจำแนกชนิดของแหล่งน้ำที่นำมาใช้ตามลักษณะของคุณภาพของแหล่งน้ำออกได้เป็น
(1)น้ำที่ไม่ต้องผ่านขบวนการปรับปรุงคุณภาพ (Water requiring no treatment) น้ำชนิดนี้เป็นน้ำที่จัดว่าสะอาด ใช้อุปโภคบริโภคได้เลย ได้แก่น้ำบาดาล ซึ่งไม่ถูกปนเปื้อน
(2)น้ำที่ต้องผ่านขั้นตอนการฆ่าเชื้อโรคเท่านั้น (Water requiring disinfection only) น้ำประเภทนี้จัดว่าเป็นน้ำที่ใส และค่อนข้างจะสะอาด ได้แก่น้ำบาดาล และน้ำผิวดินซึ่งปนเปื้อนเล็กน้อย มีค่า เอ็มพีเอ็น (MPN) ของโคไลฟอร์มแบคทีเรียไม่เกิน 50 ต่อน้ำ 100 มิลลิลิตรของแต่ละเดือน
(3)น้ำที่ต้องผ่านระบบการกรองเร็ว และต้องการมีการเติมคลอรีนก่อนและ/หรือเติมคลอรีนภายหลัง (Water requiring complete rapid sand filtration treatment or its equivalent, together with continuous chlorination by pre-and/or postchlorination) ได้แก่น้ำที่มีคุณภาพไม่เข้าชั้นน้ำในชนิดที่ 1 และชนิดที่ 2 ข้างต้น และมีค่าเอ็มพีเอ็น ของโคไลฟอร์มแบคทีเรียไม่เกิน 5,000 ต่อน้ำ 100 มิลลิกรัม ในจำนวน 20% ของน้ำตัวอย่างที่ตรวจในเดือนใด ๆ น้ำชนิดนี้มักจะขุ่นและถูกปนเปื้อนด้วยมลสาร
(4)น้ำที่ต้องผ่านกรรมวิธีปรับปรุงคุณภาพเพิ่มนอกเหนือจากต้องผ่านระบบการกรองและเดินคลอรีนภายหลังแล้ว (Water requiring auxiliary treatment in addition to complete filtration treatment and post chlorination) น้ำชนิดนี้ควรต้องผ่านขบวนการปรับปรุงคุณภาพขั้นต้น (preliminary treatment) โดยการให้ตกตะกอนก่อนโดยการเก็บกักไว้เป็นเวลา 30 วัน และต้องมีการเติมคลอรีนก่อน (pre-chlorination) น้ำชนิดนี้มีค่าเอ็มพีเอ็น เกินกว่า 5,000 ต่อน้ำ 100 มิลลิลิตร ในจำนวน 20% ของน้ำตัวอย่าง แต่ไม่เกินกว่า 20,000 ต่อน้ำ 100 มิลลิลิตร ในจำนวน 5% ของน้ำตัวอย่างที่เก็บมา
(5)น้ำที่ต้องผ่านกรรมวิธีปรับปรุงคุณภาพพิเศษ (Water requiring unusual treatment measures) ได้แก่น้ำที่มีคุณภาพไม่จัดอยู่ในประเภททั้ง 4 ข้างต้น และมีค่าเอ็มพีเอ็นเกินกว่า 250,000 ต่อน้ำตัวอย่าง 100 มิลลิลิตร
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
น้ำฝนในประเทศไทยคิดเฉลี่ยปีละประมาณ 770,000 ล้านลูกบาศก์เมตร จะเป็นน้ำผิวดินประมาณ 200,000 ล้านลูกบาศก์เมตร ซึ่งเท่ากับร้อยละ 30 ส่วนที่เหลืออีกร้อยละ 70 จะระเหยกลับไปในอากาศและไหลลงดิน
แม่น้ำหรือลำธารใดที่ไหลผ่านไปถึงมหาสมุทรเรียกว่า Exterior drainage ซึ่งในประเทศไทยส่วนใหญ่เป็นแบบนี้ แต่ในบางแห่ง แม่น้ำหาทางออกสู่มหาสมุทรไม่ได้ก็ไหลลงสู่ทะเลสาบ หรือบึงภายในแผ่นดินหรือมิฉะนั้นก็ไหลไปเหือดแห้งเสียในบริเวณทะเลสาบ ซึ่งแม่น้ำเหล่านี้เรียกว่า Interior drainage
แต่ถ้าพิจารณาแม่น้ำสำคัญในประเทศไทยแล้ว น่าจะแบ่งได้เฉพาะพวกที่ไหลตลอดปี (Permanent stream) และพวกที่ไหลเฉพาะฤดูกาล (Intermittent stream) พวกหลังมักพบในเขตที่แห้งมาก ๆ ในหน้าแล้ง
ประเทศไทยมีลุ่มน้ำสำคัญอยู่ประมาณ 57 ลุ่มน้ำ
โดยอยู่ทางเหนือ 15 ลุ่มน้ำ
ที่สำคัญคือ ปิง วัง ยม น่าน ยวม กก อิง
ทางภาคกลางมี 19 ลุ่มน้ำ ที่สำคัญก็คือ เจ้าพระยา ป่าสัก นครนายก ปราจีนบุรี
ภาคใต้มี 20 ลุ่มน้ำ ที่สำคัญได้แก่ ชุมพร ตานี ปัตตานี
ภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ มี 3 ลุ่มน้ำ คือชี มูล สงคราม
ไม่มีความคิดเห็น:
แสดงความคิดเห็น